Process Measurement

Pressure, level, flow and composition in real plants. The big four process variables and beyond: pressure and level (DP, radar, GWR), flow (orifice, magnetic, vortex, Coriolis, ultrasonic), industrial transmitters, and analytical instruments for pH, conductivity, gas and composition.

• Pressure & Level Measurement — Learn gauge, absolute and differential pressure; manometers, Bourdon tubes, diaphragms, strain-gauge, capacitive and piezo-resistive sensors; smart DP transmitters, impulse lines, manifolds and remote seals; and level by DP (hydrostatic), zero elevation/suppression, bubblers, displacers, floats, radar, ultrasonic, guided-wave radar, capacitance, nuclear and level switches.
• Flow Measurement — Flow meters are the cash registers of process plants. Learn volumetric vs mass flow, Reynolds number and profiles, differential-pressure meters (orifice, venturi, nozzle, pitot) and the square-root law, and the modern families — magnetic, vortex, turbine, positive-displacement, ultrasonic, Coriolis and thermal — with straight-run requirements, rangeability and selection. Includes an orifice-meter calculation in Python.
• Process Sensors & Transmitters — Process sensors measure the four key variables — temperature, pressure, flow and level — plus composition. Learn thermocouples and RTDs, pressure transmitters, differential-pressure, magnetic, vortex and Coriolis flowmeters, level measurement methods, analysers, and accuracy, range and installation.
• Analytical Instrumentation: pH, Conductivity, Gas & Composition — Measuring what a process stream is made of. Learn pH (glass electrode, Nernst equation, buffer calibration, temperature compensation), ORP, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, gas detectors (catalytic, electrochemical, infrared), oxygen analyzers (zirconia, paramagnetic), gas chromatography, spectroscopy (NDIR, UV-Vis, NIR, Raman), sampling systems and continuous emissions monitoring (CEMS).