IC Engine

Inside the combustion engine — parts, fire, fuel, emissions and control. An in-depth look at the internal combustion engine: its components and kinematics, combustion in petrol and diesel engines, fuel-injection systems, emissions and after-treatment, and the electronic engine management that ties it all together.

• Engine Components — Learn the parts of a reciprocating engine — block, head, pistons, rings, connecting rods, crankshaft, camshafts, valves, timing drive, lubrication and cooling — plus key geometry (bore, stroke, compression ratio) and slider-crank kinematics and forces.
• Combustion — Combustion turns fuel's chemical energy into pressure. Learn air–fuel ratio and lambda, spark-ignition flame propagation and knock, compression-ignition diesel combustion, heat-release and mass-fraction-burned (Wiebe), octane and cetane, and airflow-to-power calculations.
• Fuel Systems — Fuel systems deliver the right amount of fuel at the right time. Learn carburettors vs injection, port fuel injection, gasoline direct injection, diesel common rail, injector sizing and pulse width, injection pressure and atomisation, fuel pumps and evaporative systems.
• Emission — Engines emit CO₂, CO, HC, NOx and particulates. Learn how each forms, emission standards (Euro 6/7, BS-VI, EPA Tier 3), CO₂ from fuel consumption, three-way catalysts and λ control, diesel oxidation catalysts, DPF, SCR with urea, GPF, EGR, and real-driving emissions testing.
• Engine Control — The engine control unit (ECU) runs the engine. Learn sensors and actuators, air-mass estimation (MAF and speed-density), fuel calculation and closed-loop λ control, spark timing and knock control, idle and torque-based control, calibration maps, and real-time software.