HVAC, Plumbing & Fire

Comfort, water and life safety. Refrigeration cycles, cooling loads and HVAC systems, pipe flow, water supply, drainage and fire protection.

• Refrigeration — Refrigerators and heat pumps move heat from cold to hot using work. Learn COP, the Carnot limit, the vapour-compression cycle (evaporator, compressor, condenser, expansion valve), refrigerants and capacity in tons.
• HVAC & Indoor Environmental Quality — Keeping buildings comfortable and healthy. Learn thermal comfort (PMV, adaptive comfort, ASHRAE 55/IMAC), psychrometrics (dry bulb, humidity, enthalpy), cooling load components (envelope, glazing, people, lighting, equipment, ventilation), sizing in TR, HVAC systems (split, VRF, chilled water with AHUs/FCUs, district cooling), ventilation rates and IAQ (CO₂, PM2.5), energy efficiency (COP, IKW/TR, economisers, heat recovery), and passive/mixed-mode design — with Python for an office cooling load and fresh-air rate.
• Pipe Flow — Friction and fittings cost pressure. Learn the Darcy–Weisbach equation, friction factor (laminar 64/Re, Colebrook, Moody chart), minor losses (K-values), system curves and how to size pipes and pumps together.
• Plumbing, Drainage & Fire Protection — Water in, waste out, people safe. Learn water demand (lpcd), storage (underground sumps, overhead tanks), distribution (gravity, hydro-pneumatic), pipe sizing and velocity, hot water, sanitary fixtures and drainage (fixture units, slopes, venting, traps), rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling, STPs, then fire safety — fire load, compartmentation, means of escape (travel distance, exit width), detection and alarms, sprinklers, hydrants, fire pumps and NBC Part 4 — with Python for water demand, tank sizing, pipe diameter and exit width.